全国2020年8月自学考试 训诂学真题

全国2020年8月高等教育自学考试

训诂学试题

课程代码: 00819

请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

选择题部分

注意事项:

1，答题前,考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

2.每小题选出答案后，用 2B 笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。

一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。

1.对某一句、某一段甚至某一章的意思进行解释，这是训诂内容中的  

A.解释词义

B.注音

C.解释文意

D.校勘

2.下列对“反切”的说法正确的是

A.形训法.

B.文训法

C.注音法

D.指事法

3.训诂的鼎盛期是

A.清代至近代

B.宋代

C.春秋战围.

D.西汉至唐代

4. 《搜神记》;“其去甚驶， 逐之不及。”中“驶”的含义是.

A.驾驶

B.奔跑

C.行驶

D.迅速

5. 现存最早、最完整的传注是

A.论语

B.毛传

C.尔雅

D.说文解字

6.我国第一部分类词典是

A.尔雅

B.说文解字

C.切韵

D.释名

7.古书校勘时，表示原文上下字序倒置的术语是  

A.之

B.乙

C.另

D.盲

8.“典故"又可以称为

A.词典

B.典章

C.用事

D.法典

9.“眼"本义为“眼珠”，后来有“眼睛”的意思，这是词义演变中的  

A.词义扩大

B.词义缩小

C.词义减少

D.词义增加

10.最早提到同音替代，即古音通假问题的书籍是

A.《尔雅》

B.《广韵》

C.《玉篇》

D.《说文解字》

11.《礼记.礼运》:“选贤与能。”中“与”的含义是

A.和

B.参与

C.加入

D.举用

12.《维摩请经讲经》:“只徒来问疾，意要话其因。”中“徒”的含义是

A.没带礼物空手而来

B.通“图"。打算

C.徒步，步行

D.白白地

13.《双书游侠传》:“解为人静悍。” 中“静”的含义是

A.精

B.安静

C.沉静

D.稳重

14.汉代确定了训诂的两种形式，是“通释语义”和

A.解釋大意

B.随文注解.

C.解释旧注

D.加注语音:

15.《与吴质书》:“后生可畏， 来者难诬。”中“诬”的含义是  

A.抹杀

B.污蔑

C.诬陷

D.辨明.

16.注书叫笺，开始的人是

A.许慎

B.郑玄

C.刘熙

D.王圣美

17.既解释古书正文，又解释前人注解的体例叫  

A.传

B.注

C.笺

D.疏

18.《世说新语俭嗇》:“王武子因其上直。”中“上直”的含义

A.正直

B.上等价钱

C.高级官员

D.值班

19.不是训诂学功用的是

A.指导辞书编纂

B.指导古文教学

C.指导经济建设

D.指导古籍阅读

20.假借字与本字的关系，下列说法正确的是

A.二者音不通，意文没有联系

B.二者音相通，意义没有联系

C.二者音相通。意义有联系

D.二者音不通，意义有联系

21.《察变》; “楹外诸景，历历如在几下。”中“檻”字的含义应该是   

A.门

B.墙壁

C.屋顶

D.窗户

22.《世说新语.方正》:“(预)不贱，好豪侠。不为物所许。”中的“物”应该是解释为  

A.人

B.动物

C.物体

D.植物

23.解释文意的方法中，有一种方法对一句、几句或全章的大意进行解释，它叫做

A.分析句读

B.串讲大意

C.显示修辞

D.阐述语法

24.训诂术语“乙”的作用是

A.点破假借.

B.表示形训

C.申讲文意

D.校勘文字

25.陶潜《感士不遇赋》:“伊古人之慷慨，病奇名之不立。” 中“奇"的意思是

A.奇特

B.稀少

C.美好

D.好奇

26.《说文*口部》; “口，人所以言食也。”是义训方法中的

A.义界

B.描写

C.醫况

D.比较

27.我国第一部研究古汉语虚词的专著是

A.尔雅

B.说文解字

C.语助

D.集的

28.《诗经.卷耳》:“采采卷耳”和《诗经.苤苡》:“采采若苡”中的“采采”含义是

A.采摘

B.茂盛的样子

C.采集

D.高大的样子

29.元，明时代全用白话释解经书的方式称为

A.章句

B.直解

C.音义

D.义疏

30，义训最常用的方式是

A.反义相训

B.歧训

C.同义相训

D.音训

二、多项选择题:本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。在每小题列出的备选项中至少有两项是符合题目要求的，请将其选出，错选、多选或少选均无分。

31.古人常用下列问语对古书进行解释

A.传

B.注

C.笺

D.疏

E.说

32.同义相训主要有以下几种形式

A.声训

B.形训

C.同训

D.互训

E.递训

33.属于“六书”的是

A.比喻

B.象形

C.象征

D.会意

E.指事                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       

34. 下列属于古书在语法上的障碍是

A.句法上的障碍

B.标点上的障碍

C.词法上的障碍

D.段落上的障碍

E.虚词上的障碍.

35.训诂学利用音韵学的成果，取得的成果有

A.从音变规律通“古今异言”

B.分析形体结构

C.探索语源

D.诗词押韵

E.论证同音替代的问题

非选择题部分

注意事项:

用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

三、简答题:本大题共5小题，每小题6分,共30分。

36.声训的作用

37.清代训诂学发展的具体原因和内容。

38.“说文四大家”姓名和代表作。

39.古人常见的注音方式。

40.训诂学与语法学的关系比较紧密，请列举其主要表现的三个方面。

四、论述题:本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分

41.旧训诂有很多弊病，请至少举出五个方面并用实例分析。

42.古今词义演变的五种类型。

全国2020年8月高等教育自学考试

训诂学试题答案

课程代码: 00819

一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)

1. C  2. C  3. A  4. D  5. B  

6. A  7. B  8. C  9. A  10. D

11. D  12. B  13. A  14. B  15. A  

16. B  17. D  18. D  19. C  20. B  

21. D  22. A  23. B  24. D  25. C  

26. A  27. C  28. B  29. B  30. C  

二、多项选择题:本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分。在每小题列出的备选项中至少有两项是符合题目要求的，请将其选出，错选、多选。少选均无分。

31. ABCD   

32. DE   

33. BDE  

34. ACE

35. ACE  

三、简答题:本大题共5小题，每小题6分,共30分。

36.

1、寻求本字

2、推求语源

37.

1、由于学术思想的发展，科学的进步，使清代学者们也具备了比较科学的研究方法，他们能够采用因声求义和综合比较的手法，对古书古注进行了专门和全面的研究。

2、 有朴素的历史主义观点作指导，在训诂工作中注意到了语言有古今之别，对汉字形、音、义的观察，都能从古今的不同角度去看问题。

3、不墨守古训，有求实精神，学者们既反对宋儒的“望文虚道而违古义”，又不像汉人那样“墨守成训而鲜会通”，所以他们十分重视考据工作，同时在丰富的语言材料的基础之上又敢于发表自己的新解。

4、由于古音学、文字学和语法学在这个时期取得了显著的成绩和突破，自然为训诂学的发展和独立创造了良好的条件。

38.

一． 段玉裁《说文解字注》　　段玉裁(1735~1815)，字若膺，号懋堂，亦作茂堂。江苏金坛人。室名经韵楼、二十一经堂。乾隆25年举人，屡任黔、蜀知县。师事戴震，戴、段二氏年辈相若，均以朴学鸣于时。作《说文解字注》30卷，费时31年。

二． 桂馥《说文解字义证》　　桂馥(1736~1805)，字冬卉，又字天香，号未谷，山东曲阜人。桂氏与段玉裁生处同时，且同治说文，人称南段北桂，作《说文解字义证》五十卷。

三． 王筠《说文释例》、《说文句读》　　王筠(1784~1854)，字贯山，号菉友，山东安邱人。道光元年举人。王氏为清代四大家中较为通俗的一位学者，有关文字学的著作除《说文句读》、《说文释例》外，尚有《文字蒙求》、《说文系传校录》《说文韵谱校》等书。

四． 朱骏声《说文通训定声》　　朱骏声(1788~1858)，字丰芑，号允倩，小名庆元，晚号石隐山人。作《说文通训定声》十八卷。

39.

1、譬况

2、读若

3、直音

4、反切

5、如字

40.

1、词性影响词义

2、词序影响词义

3、构词影响词义

四、论述题:本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分，

41. 1、穿凿附会  如：“为”字，甲骨文、金文是以手牵象令其服役之形，许慎在《说文解字》里根据小篆字形，说解为“母猴”，显然是凿空之谈。

2、繁琐寡要  如：清人《康熙字典》，田部开头的“田、由、甲”三字，其释文就多到三千五百字左右；“佛”字下叙述佛教源流，“钱”字下叙述钱币的沿革和论钱的专注，简直成了论文。

3、望文生训  如:《汉书·游侠传》：“解为人静悍。”颜师古曰：“性沉静而勇悍。”按：颜师古训“静”为“沉静”，犯了望文生训的错误。

4、随意破字  如：王引之，在研究《尔雅》时，也“好以意破字。如改‘坎、律，铨也’之‘坎’为‘次’，‘振，古也’之‘振’为‘自’，皆嫌专辄。”

5、增字强释  如：《五人墓碑记》：“而又有剪发杜门，佯狂不知所知者。”课本注“剪发杜门”为“剪发为僧，闭门不出”。注释在“剪发”后增添“为僧”二字以释“剪发”；在“闭门”后增添“不出”二字以释“杜门”，皆有可议。

42.

1、增加

2、减少

3、扩大

4、缩小

5、转移